JMET Paper 2008 Solved

Dear Friend, your letter gently but unmistakably intimates that I am a slacker, a slacker in peace as well as in war; that when the World War was raging bitterly I dawdled my time with subjects like symbolic logic, and that now when the issues of reconstructing a bleeding world demand the efforts of all who care for the future of the human race, I am shirking my responsibility and wasting my time with Plato and Cicero. Your sweetly veiled charge is true, but I do not feel ashamed of it. On the contrary, when I look upon my professional colleagues who enlisted their philosophies in the war, who added their shrill voices to the roar of the cannons and their little drops of venom to the torrents of national hatreds, I feel that it is they who should write apologies for their course. For philosophers, I take it, are ordained as priests to keep alive the sacred fires on the altar of impartial truth, and I have but faithfully endeavored to keep my oath of office as well as the circumstances would permit. It is doubtless the height of the unheroic to worship truth in the bombproof shelter of harmless mathematics when men are giving their lives for democracy and for public order which is the basis of civilization. But it would be sad if all the priests deserted their altars and became soldiers, if the Sermon on the Mount were utterly erased to give place to manuals of bayonet practice or instructions on the use of poison gas. What avails it to beat the enemy if the sacred fires which we are sworn to defend meanwhile languish and die for want of attendance?

According to the passage, a philosopher should

Dear Friend, your letter gently but unmistakably intimates that I am a slacker, a slacker in peace as well as in war; that when the World War was raging bitterly I dawdled my time with subjects like symbolic logic, and that now when the issues of reconstructing a bleeding world demand the efforts of all who care for the future of the human race, I am shirking my responsibility and wasting my time with Plato and Cicero. Your sweetly veiled charge is true, but I do not feel ashamed of it. On the contrary, when I look upon my professional colleagues who enlisted their philosophies in the war, who added their shrill voices to the roar of the cannons and their little drops of venom to the torrents of national hatreds, I feel that it is they who should write apologies for their course. For philosophers, I take it, are ordained as priests to keep alive the sacred fires on the altar of impartial truth, and I have but faithfully endeavored to keep my oath of office as well as the circumstances would permit. It is doubtless the height of the unheroic to worship truth in the bombproof shelter of harmless mathematics when men are giving their lives for democracy and for public order which is the basis of civilization. But it would be sad if all the priests deserted their altars and became soldiers, if the Sermon on the Mount were utterly erased to give place to manuals of bayonet practice or instructions on the use of poison gas. What avails it to beat the enemy if the sacred fires which we are sworn to defend meanwhile languish and die for want of attendance?

Which of the following is the MOST APPROPRIATE title for the passage?

Dear Friend, your letter gently but unmistakably intimates that I am a slacker, a slacker in peace as well as in war; that when the World War was raging bitterly I dawdled my time with subjects like symbolic logic, and that now when the issues of reconstructing a bleeding world demand the efforts of all who care for the future of the human race, I am shirking my responsibility and wasting my time with Plato and Cicero. Your sweetly veiled charge is true, but I do not feel ashamed of it. On the contrary, when I look upon my professional colleagues who enlisted their philosophies in the war, who added their shrill voices to the roar of the cannons and their little drops of venom to the torrents of national hatreds, I feel that it is they who should write apologies for their course. For philosophers, I take it, are ordained as priests to keep alive the sacred fires on the altar of impartial truth, and I have but faithfully endeavored to keep my oath of office as well as the circumstances would permit. It is doubtless the height of the unheroic to worship truth in the bombproof shelter of harmless mathematics when men are giving their lives for democracy and for public order which is the basis of civilization. But it would be sad if all the priests deserted their altars and became soldiers, if the Sermon on the Mount were utterly erased to give place to manuals of bayonet practice or instructions on the use of poison gas. What avails it to beat the enemy if the sacred fires which we are sworn to defend meanwhile languish and die for want of attendance?

Which of the following statements CANNOT be directly inferred from the passage?

Sentences in the following passage have been variously combined in the options given below. Choose the MOST APPROPRIATE AND CONCISE option.

Keepers of private notebooks are a different breed altogether. They are lonely and resistant rearrangers of things. They are anxious malcontents. They are children afflicted at birth with some presentiment of loss.

Fill in the blanks with the option that has the MOST APPROPRIATE set of words.

For years, nuclear-power advocates have claimed that nuclear power is the most __ form of energy available; but in light of a few facts, one begins to __ this claim.

Fill in the blanks with the option that has the MOST APPROPRIATE set of words.

Children whose __ survives parental discipline and who manage to grow up before they blow up are invited to __ the university faculty.

Identify the grammatically INCORRECT option.

The direct speech in Question is rewritten as reported speech (indirect form)in the options below. Identify the grammatically CORRECT option.

The President said to the General, “Is your army well supplied? Is it ready for battle?”

Identify the option with INCORRECT spellings.

Select the pair of words from the given options that best expresses a relationship SIMILAR to the pair in CAPITAL letters:

RESTLESS : RESTIVE

Select the pair of words from the given options that best expresses a relationship SIMILAR to the pair in CAPITAL letters:

OBJURGATE : OBSECRATE

I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but to my work – a life’s work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least of all for profit, but to create out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist before. So this award is only mine in trust. It will not be difficult to find a dedication for the money part of it commensurate with the purpose .and significance of its origin. But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail, among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing.

Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spirit. There is only the question: When will I be blown up? Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat.

He must learn them again. He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid; and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed – love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice. Until he does so, he labors under a curse. He writes not of love but of lust, of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value, of victories without hope and, worst of all, without pity or compassion. His griefs grieve on no universal bones, leaving no scars. He writes not of the heart but of the glands.

Until he relearns these things, he will write as though he stood among and watched the end of man. I decline to accept the end of man. It is easy enough to say that man is immortal simply because he will endure: that when the last ding-dong of doom has clanged and faded from the last worthless rock hanging tideless in the last red and dying evening, that even then there will still be one more sound: that or his puny inexhaustible voice, still talking. I refuse to accept this. I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance. The poet’s, the writer’s, duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his spirit, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past. The poet’s voice need not merely be the record of man, it can be one of the props, the pillars to help him endure and prevail.

The phrase “labors under a curse” in paragraph 3 means that the young writer

I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but to my work – a life’s work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least of all for profit, but to create out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist before. So this award is only mine in trust. It will not be difficult to find a dedication for the money part of it commensurate with the purpose .and significance of its origin. But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail, among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing.

Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spirit. There is only the question: When will I be blown up? Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat.

He must learn them again. He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid; and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed – love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice. Until he does so, he labors under a curse. He writes not of love but of lust, of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value, of victories without hope and, worst of all, without pity or compassion. His griefs grieve on no universal bones, leaving no scars. He writes not of the heart but of the glands.

Until he relearns these things, he will write as though he stood among and watched the end of man. I decline to accept the end of man. It is easy enough to say that man is immortal simply because he will endure: that when the last ding-dong of doom has clanged and faded from the last worthless rock hanging tideless in the last red and dying evening, that even then there will still be one more sound: that or his puny inexhaustible voice, still talking. I refuse to accept this. I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance. The poet’s, the writer’s, duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his spirit, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past. The poet’s voice need not merely be the record of man, it can be one of the props, the pillars to help him endure and prevail.

Which of the following inferences CANNOT be drawn from the passage?

I feel that this award was not made to me as a man, but to my work – a life’s work in the agony and sweat of the human spirit, not for glory and least of all for profit, but to create out of the materials of the human spirit something which did not exist before. So this award is only mine in trust. It will not be difficult to find a dedication for the money part of it commensurate with the purpose .and significance of its origin. But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as a pinnacle from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish and travail, among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing.

Our tragedy today is a general and universal physical fear so long sustained by now that we can even bear it. There are no longer problems of the spirit. There is only the question: When will I be blown up? Because of this, the young man or woman writing today has forgotten the problems of the human heart in conflict with itself which alone can make good writing because only that is worth writing about, worth the agony and the sweat.

He must learn them again. He must teach himself that the basest of all things is to be afraid; and, teaching himself that, forget it forever, leaving no room in his workshop for anything but the old verities and truths of the heart, the old universal truths lacking which any story is ephemeral and doomed – love and honor and pity and pride and compassion and sacrifice. Until he does so, he labors under a curse. He writes not of love but of lust, of defeats in which nobody loses anything of value, of victories without hope and, worst of all, without pity or compassion. His griefs grieve on no universal bones, leaving no scars. He writes not of the heart but of the glands.

Until he relearns these things, he will write as though he stood among and watched the end of man. I decline to accept the end of man. It is easy enough to say that man is immortal simply because he will endure: that when the last ding-dong of doom has clanged and faded from the last worthless rock hanging tideless in the last red and dying evening, that even then there will still be one more sound: that or his puny inexhaustible voice, still talking. I refuse to accept this. I believe that man will not merely endure: he will prevail. He is immortal, not because he alone among creatures has an inexhaustible voice, but because he has a soul, a spirit capable of compassion and sacrifice and endurance. The poet’s, the writer’s, duty is to write about these things. It is his privilege to help man endure by lifting his spirit, by reminding him of the courage and honor and hope and pride and compassion and pity and sacrifice which have been the glory of his past. The poet’s voice need not merely be the record of man, it can be one of the props, the pillars to help him endure and prevail.

Which of the following is the MOST APT title for this passage?

Choose the option which DOES NOT have a similar meaning to the sentence given below:

Some of the students reflect a growing confidence in their ability to manage successfully the demands placed upon them by their own ambitions, by their ability to construct intelligent messages, and by their listeners’ often irascible modes of responding.

Pick up a glossy magazine or newspaper supplement and there will almost certainly be at least one double page spread that looks like a regular editorial page but is headed up either ‘promotion’ or ‘advertisement’. These hybrids – unattractively but aptly called advertorials – are being used with increasing frequency by a growing number of companies. Traditionally the preserve of high-technology clients with a complicated message to get across to potential customers, the use of this technique has now spread to sectors like financial services, alcohol and automobiles.

One major reason why marketing departments are becoming more receptive to ideas for advertorials is that publishers are pursuing them more aggressively at a time of shrinking ad budgets, while they are being treated far more professionally in a bid to persuade clients that this is a creative opportunity to spread their message to their target audiences. Pouring more imagination into them allied with raising production standards has also been a means whereby the commercial executives of magazines and newspapers can try to convince skeptical editors who strongly disapprove of blurring the advertising / editorial line of their worth.

What advertorials are about is control – controlling the message in an editorial format. Positive editorial coverage of a company and / or its products in credible publications is the best publicity any company can hope for, but often proves elusive. A successful advertorial can pinpoint the way the company delivers its message to the heart of its target audience.

High technology was one of the main sources of early advertorials – unsurprisingly the products are complex and need to be explained with some technical detail to get the story across. That is not so easy with traditional advertising.

Advertorials can also to some degree circumvent journalistic indifference to what a company is doing because editorial coverage has already been so extensive. For example, in the case of a company like Compaq, whose swift growth in the computer market attracted many inches of editorial space, that very success can lead to journalists wondering how they can write something different about Compaq. There can be diminishing returns from an editorial point of view. So advertorials let the company present things editorially but with bought space. While they should be strongly labeled, information is being given to readers in a format that looks familiar.

In the above passage, the phrase “blurring the advertising / editorial line of their worth” implies

Pick up a glossy magazine or newspaper supplement and there will almost certainly be at least one double page spread that looks like a regular editorial page but is headed up either ‘promotion’ or ‘advertisement’. These hybrids – unattractively but aptly called advertorials – are being used with increasing frequency by a growing number of companies. Traditionally the preserve of high-technology clients with a complicated message to get across to potential customers, the use of this technique has now spread to sectors like financial services, alcohol and automobiles.

One major reason why marketing departments are becoming more receptive to ideas for advertorials is that publishers are pursuing them more aggressively at a time of shrinking ad budgets, while they are being treated far more professionally in a bid to persuade clients that this is a creative opportunity to spread their message to their target audiences. Pouring more imagination into them allied with raising production standards has also been a means whereby the commercial executives of magazines and newspapers can try to convince skeptical editors who strongly disapprove of blurring the advertising / editorial line of their worth.

What advertorials are about is control – controlling the message in an editorial format. Positive editorial coverage of a company and / or its products in credible publications is the best publicity any company can hope for, but often proves elusive. A successful advertorial can pinpoint the way the company delivers its message to the heart of its target audience.

High technology was one of the main sources of early advertorials – unsurprisingly the products are complex and need to be explained with some technical detail to get the story across. That is not so easy with traditional advertising.

Advertorials can also to some degree circumvent journalistic indifference to what a company is doing because editorial coverage has already been so extensive. For example, in the case of a company like Compaq, whose swift growth in the computer market attracted many inches of editorial space, that very success can lead to journalists wondering how they can write something different about Compaq. There can be diminishing returns from an editorial point of view. So advertorials let the company present things editorially but with bought space. While they should be strongly labeled, information is being given to readers in a format that looks familiar.

In the light of your reading of the passage above, identify the option that contains the set of words CLOSEST in meaning to the set of words in CAPITALS:

SCEPTICAL: CIRCUMVENT : ELUSIVE

Pick up a glossy magazine or newspaper supplement and there will almost certainly be at least one double page spread that looks like a regular editorial page but is headed up either ‘promotion’ or ‘advertisement’. These hybrids – unattractively but aptly called advertorials – are being used with increasing frequency by a growing number of companies. Traditionally the preserve of high-technology clients with a complicated message to get across to potential customers, the use of this technique has now spread to sectors like financial services, alcohol and automobiles.

One major reason why marketing departments are becoming more receptive to ideas for advertorials is that publishers are pursuing them more aggressively at a time of shrinking ad budgets, while they are being treated far more professionally in a bid to persuade clients that this is a creative opportunity to spread their message to their target audiences. Pouring more imagination into them allied with raising production standards has also been a means whereby the commercial executives of magazines and newspapers can try to convince skeptical editors who strongly disapprove of blurring the advertising / editorial line of their worth.

What advertorials are about is control – controlling the message in an editorial format. Positive editorial coverage of a company and / or its products in credible publications is the best publicity any company can hope for, but often proves elusive. A successful advertorial can pinpoint the way the company delivers its message to the heart of its target audience.

High technology was one of the main sources of early advertorials – unsurprisingly the products are complex and need to be explained with some technical detail to get the story across. That is not so easy with traditional advertising.

Advertorials can also to some degree circumvent journalistic indifference to what a company is doing because editorial coverage has already been so extensive. For example, in the case of a company like Compaq, whose swift growth in the computer market attracted many inches of editorial space, that very success can lead to journalists wondering how they can write something different about Compaq. There can be diminishing returns from an editorial point of view. So advertorials let the company present things editorially but with bought space. While they should be strongly labeled, information is being given to readers in a format that looks familiar.

According to the passage,

Pick up a glossy magazine or newspaper supplement and there will almost certainly be at least one double page spread that looks like a regular editorial page but is headed up either ‘promotion’ or ‘advertisement’. These hybrids – unattractively but aptly called advertorials – are being used with increasing frequency by a growing number of companies. Traditionally the preserve of high-technology clients with a complicated message to get across to potential customers, the use of this technique has now spread to sectors like financial services, alcohol and automobiles.

One major reason why marketing departments are becoming more receptive to ideas for advertorials is that publishers are pursuing them more aggressively at a time of shrinking ad budgets, while they are being treated far more professionally in a bid to persuade clients that this is a creative opportunity to spread their message to their target audiences. Pouring more imagination into them allied with raising production standards has also been a means whereby the commercial executives of magazines and newspapers can try to convince skeptical editors who strongly disapprove of blurring the advertising / editorial line of their worth.

What advertorials are about is control – controlling the message in an editorial format. Positive editorial coverage of a company and / or its products in credible publications is the best publicity any company can hope for, but often proves elusive. A successful advertorial can pinpoint the way the company delivers its message to the heart of its target audience.

High technology was one of the main sources of early advertorials – unsurprisingly the products are complex and need to be explained with some technical detail to get the story across. That is not so easy with traditional advertising.

Advertorials can also to some degree circumvent journalistic indifference to what a company is doing because editorial coverage has already been so extensive. For example, in the case of a company like Compaq, whose swift growth in the computer market attracted many inches of editorial space, that very success can lead to journalists wondering how they can write something different about Compaq. There can be diminishing returns from an editorial point of view. So advertorials let the company present things editorially but with bought space. While they should be strongly labeled, information is being given to readers in a format that looks familiar.

The passage DOES NOT discuss

Identify the grammatically CORRECT AND APPROPRIATE option.

Identify the grammatically CORRECT AND APPROPRIATE option.

Identify the grammatically CORRECT AND APPROPRIATE option.

Identify the option with CORRECT punctuation.

Choose the option that is CLOSEST in meaning to the CAPITALIZED word.

FIDUCIAL

Choose the option that is CLOSEST in meaning to the CAPITALIZED word.

MIRIFIC

Choose the option that is CLOSEST in meaning to the CAPITALIZED word.

PLEBEIAN

LIONS : PRIDE : FOREST

POET : VISION : PROPHET

Choose from the respective options the CORRECT PASSIVE form of the active sentence:

Mr. Sullivan made a major error in the estimate.

Choose from the respective options the CORRECT PASSIVE form of the active sentence:

She resembles a Greek goddess.

Choose the option which is CLOSEST in meaning to the sentence given below:

He was convinced that it would take at least fifty years before a few men would understand what he had accomplished; and he feared that even then his teachings would be misinterpreted and misapplied.

As a memory researcher, I have long been intrigued by the phenomenon of memory failures. What are the different ways that memory can get us into trouble? Bringing together everything I knew of memory’s imperfections, lapses, mistakes and distortions, I hit on a way of thinking that helped to make things fall in place. I propose that memory’s malfunctions can be divided into seven fundamental transgressions or “sins”, which I call transience, absent- mindedness, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, and persistence. Just like the ancient seven deadly sins, the memory sins occur frequently in everyday life and can have serious consequences for all of us.

Transience, absent-mindedness and blocking are sins of omission: we fail to bring to mind a desired fact, event or idea. Transience refers to a weakening or loss of memory over time. It is probably not difficult for you to remember now what you have been doing for the past several hours. But if I ask you about the same activities six weeks, six months, or six years from now, chances are you will remember less and less. Transience is a basic feature of memory, and the culprit in many memory problems.

Absent-mindedness involves a breakdown at the interface between attention and memory. Absent-minded memory errors – misplacing keys or eye-glasses, or forgetting a lunch appointment – typically occur because we are preoccupied with distracting issues or concerns, and do not focus attention on what we need to remember. The desired information is not lost over time; it is either never registered in memory to begin with, or not sought after at the moment it is needed, because attention is focused elsewhere.

The third sin, blocking, entails a thwarted search for information we may be desperately trying to retrieve. We have all failed to produce a name to accompany a familiar face. This frustrating experience happens even though we are attending carefully to the task at hand, and even though the desired name has not faded from our minds – as we become acutely aware when we unexpectedly retrieve the blocked name hours or days later.

In contrast to these three sins of omission, the next four sins of misattribution suggestibility, bias, and persistence are all sins of commission: some form of memory is present, but it is either incorrect or unwanted. The sin of misattribution involves assigning a memory to the wrong source: mistaking fantasy for reality, or incorrectly remembering that a friend told you a bit of trivia that you actually read about in a newspaper. Misattribution is far more common than people realize, and has potentially profound implications in legal settings. The related sin of suggestibility refers to memories that are implanted as a result of leading questions, comments, or suggestions when a person is trying to call up a past experience. Like misattribution, suggestibility is especially relevant to – and can sometimes create havoc within- the legal system.

The sin of bias reflects the powerful influences of our current knowledge and beliefs on how we remember our pasts. We often unknowingly or unconsciously edit or rewrite our previous experiences in light of what we now know or believe. The result can be a skewed rendering of a specific incident, or even an extended period of our lives, which says more about how we feel now than about what happened then.

The seventh sin – persistence – entails repeated recall of disturbing information or events that we would prefer to banish from our minds altogether: remembering what we cannot forget, even though we wish that we could. Everyone is familiar with persistence to some degree: recall the last time that you suddenly awoke at 3:00 AM, unable to keep out of your mind a painful blunder on the job or a disappointing result on an important exam. In more extreme cases of serious depression or traumatic experience, persistence can be disabling and even life-threatening.

The above passage implies that

As a memory researcher, I have long been intrigued by the phenomenon of memory failures. What are the different ways that memory can get us into trouble? Bringing together everything I knew of memory’s imperfections, lapses, mistakes and distortions, I hit on a way of thinking that helped to make things fall in place. I propose that memory’s malfunctions can be divided into seven fundamental transgressions or “sins”, which I call transience, absent- mindedness, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, and persistence. Just like the ancient seven deadly sins, the memory sins occur frequently in everyday life and can have serious consequences for all of us.

Transience, absent-mindedness and blocking are sins of omission: we fail to bring to mind a desired fact, event or idea. Transience refers to a weakening or loss of memory over time. It is probably not difficult for you to remember now what you have been doing for the past several hours. But if I ask you about the same activities six weeks, six months, or six years from now, chances are you will remember less and less. Transience is a basic feature of memory, and the culprit in many memory problems.

Absent-mindedness involves a breakdown at the interface between attention and memory. Absent-minded memory errors – misplacing keys or eye-glasses, or forgetting a lunch appointment – typically occur because we are preoccupied with distracting issues or concerns, and do not focus attention on what we need to remember. The desired information is not lost over time; it is either never registered in memory to begin with, or not sought after at the moment it is needed, because attention is focused elsewhere.

The third sin, blocking, entails a thwarted search for information we may be desperately trying to retrieve. We have all failed to produce a name to accompany a familiar face. This frustrating experience happens even though we are attending carefully to the task at hand, and even though the desired name has not faded from our minds – as we become acutely aware when we unexpectedly retrieve the blocked name hours or days later.

In contrast to these three sins of omission, the next four sins of misattribution suggestibility, bias, and persistence are all sins of commission: some form of memory is present, but it is either incorrect or unwanted. The sin of misattribution involves assigning a memory to the wrong source: mistaking fantasy for reality, or incorrectly remembering that a friend told you a bit of trivia that you actually read about in a newspaper. Misattribution is far more common than people realize, and has potentially profound implications in legal settings. The related sin of suggestibility refers to memories that are implanted as a result of leading questions, comments, or suggestions when a person is trying to call up a past experience. Like misattribution, suggestibility is especially relevant to – and can sometimes create havoc within- the legal system.

The sin of bias reflects the powerful influences of our current knowledge and beliefs on how we remember our pasts. We often unknowingly or unconsciously edit or rewrite our previous experiences in light of what we now know or believe. The result can be a skewed rendering of a specific incident, or even an extended period of our lives, which says more about how we feel now than about what happened then.

The seventh sin – persistence – entails repeated recall of disturbing information or events that we would prefer to banish from our minds altogether: remembering what we cannot forget, even though we wish that we could. Everyone is familiar with persistence to some degree: recall the last time that you suddenly awoke at 3:00 AM, unable to keep out of your mind a painful blunder on the job or a disappointing result on an important exam. In more extreme cases of serious depression or traumatic experience, persistence can be disabling and even life-threatening.

In the passage, the term “transience” refers to

As a memory researcher, I have long been intrigued by the phenomenon of memory failures. What are the different ways that memory can get us into trouble? Bringing together everything I knew of memory’s imperfections, lapses, mistakes and distortions, I hit on a way of thinking that helped to make things fall in place. I propose that memory’s malfunctions can be divided into seven fundamental transgressions or “sins”, which I call transience, absent- mindedness, blocking, misattribution, suggestibility, bias, and persistence. Just like the ancient seven deadly sins, the memory sins occur frequently in everyday life and can have serious consequences for all of us.

Transience, absent-mindedness and blocking are sins of omission: we fail to bring to mind a desired fact, event or idea. Transience refers to a weakening or loss of memory over time. It is probably not difficult for you to remember now what you have been doing for the past several hours. But if I ask you about the same activities six weeks, six months, or six years from now, chances are you will remember less and less. Transience is a basic feature of memory, and the culprit in many memory problems.

Absent-mindedness involves a breakdown at the interface between attention and memory. Absent-minded memory errors – misplacing keys or eye-glasses, or forgetting a lunch appointment – typically occur because we are preoccupied with distracting issues or concerns, and do not focus attention on what we need to remember. The desired information is not lost over time; it is either never registered in memory to begin with, or not sought after at the moment it is needed, because attention is focused elsewhere.

The third sin, blocking, entails a thwarted search for information we may be desperately trying to retrieve. We have all failed to produce a name to accompany a familiar face. This frustrating experience happens even though we are attending carefully to the task at hand, and even though the desired name has not faded from our minds – as we become acutely aware when we unexpectedly retrieve the blocked name hours or days later.

In contrast to these three sins of omission, the next four sins of misattribution suggestibility, bias, and persistence are all sins of commission: some form of memory is present, but it is either incorrect or unwanted. The sin of misattribution involves assigning a memory to the wrong source: mistaking fantasy for reality, or incorrectly remembering that a friend told you a bit of trivia that you actually read about in a newspaper. Misattribution is far more common than people realize, and has potentially profound implications in legal settings. The related sin of suggestibility refers to memories that are implanted as a result of leading questions, comments, or suggestions when a person is trying to call up a past experience. Like misattribution, suggestibility is especially relevant to – and can sometimes create havoc within- the legal system.

The sin of bias reflects the powerful influences of our current knowledge and beliefs on how we remember our pasts. We often unknowingly or unconsciously edit or rewrite our previous experiences in light of what we now know or believe. The result can be a skewed rendering of a specific incident, or even an extended period of our lives, which says more about how we feel now than about what happened then.

The seventh sin – persistence – entails repeated recall of disturbing information or events that we would prefer to banish from our minds altogether: remembering what we cannot forget, even though we wish that we could. Everyone is familiar with persistence to some degree: recall the last time that you suddenly awoke at 3:00 AM, unable to keep out of your mind a painful blunder on the job or a disappointing result on an important exam. In more extreme cases of serious depression or traumatic experience, persistence can be disabling and even life-threatening.

The above passage DOES NOT mention

Choose the option which is OPPOSITE in meaning to the CAPITALIZED word.

ANATHEMA

Choose the option which is OPPOSITE in meaning to the CAPITALIZED word.

FECUND

Choose the option which is OPPOSITE in meaning to the CAPITALIZED word.

CONCINNITY

Question consists of four groups of jumbled phrases, of which only ONE is grammatically correct. Identify the CORRECT option.

With each passing day, it is getting easier to believe that the acceleration in India’s economic growth from around 6% to 8% is here to stay. The hard part is trying to explain why this has happened. How this is explained is important since it has a bearing on our future policy.

As per conventional wisdom, India’s growth accelerated to around 6% in the nineties from the historical rate of 3.5% because ‘reforms’ had unleashed the pent-up energies of Indian entrepreneurs long shackled by the socialist raj. It slowed subsequently because ‘reforms’ had lost momentum. The last three years’ spurt in growth is the fortuitous result of a global economic boom. Once the world economy slows down, we will be back to 6% growth – unless we proceed with ‘second generation’ reforms.

However each of these propositions bristles with problems. It is not true that economic growth rate accelerated to 6% in the nineties. In fact, research has shown that the ‘structural break’ in India’s economic growth occurred not in the early nineties but in the eighties, when economic growth accelerated to close to 6%. The growth in the first decade after reforms was not significantly different from the growth rate in the eighties. The ‘reforms’ in the sense of market-oriented or even pro-business policies did not commence overnight in 1991, but had commenced earlier. Economic policies in the nineties merely helped consolidate an underlying trend.

Subsequently, the world economy slowed down in 2001-03, which put the brakes on the Indian economy. Then came the crucial change, an acceleration to 8% in 2004-06. This cannot be ascribed to any fresh bout of ‘reforms’ or even to the global boom. There have been important structural changes in the economy. One is the rise in the savings rate from 23.5% in 2000-01 to 29.1 % in 2004-05. Most of this increase has come from the turnaround in public savings. Thanks to the rise in the savings rate, the economy has moved on to an altogether higher investment rate. The second structural change is enhanced export competitiveness, reflected in the rising share of exports. The total exports (trade plus invisible receipts) / GDP ratio has risen sharply from 16.9% in 2000-01 to 24.6% in 2005-06. A third, less noticed change in recent years is financial deepening. The bank assets / GDP ratio rose from 48% in 2000-01 to 80% in 2005-06 on the back of a surge in bank credit.

One factor is common to these three structural changes: lower interest rates. The decline in interest rates has helped fiscal consolidation, it has boosted firms’ competitiveness and it has led to a huge increase in retail credit. Lower interest rates have been made possible by the rise in inflows on both current and capital accounts. The rise in inflows, in turn, reflects growing overseas confidence in India’s economic potential – confidence created by two decades of economic growth of 6%. The sharp depreciation in the rupee in the nineties undoubtedly helped but it is worth recalling that a trend towards rupee depreciation was under way to the eighties itself.

The passage DOES NOT discuss

With each passing day, it is getting easier to believe that the acceleration in India’s economic growth from around 6% to 8% is here to stay. The hard part is trying to explain why this has happened. How this is explained is important since it has a bearing on our future policy.

As per conventional wisdom, India’s growth accelerated to around 6% in the nineties from the historical rate of 3.5% because ‘reforms’ had unleashed the pent-up energies of Indian entrepreneurs long shackled by the socialist raj. It slowed subsequently because ‘reforms’ had lost momentum. The last three years’ spurt in growth is the fortuitous result of a global economic boom. Once the world economy slows down, we will be back to 6% growth – unless we proceed with ‘second generation’ reforms.

However each of these propositions bristles with problems. It is not true that economic growth rate accelerated to 6% in the nineties. In fact, research has shown that the ‘structural break’ in India’s economic growth occurred not in the early nineties but in the eighties, when economic growth accelerated to close to 6%. The growth in the first decade after reforms was not significantly different from the growth rate in the eighties. The ‘reforms’ in the sense of market-oriented or even pro-business policies did not commence overnight in 1991, but had commenced earlier. Economic policies in the nineties merely helped consolidate an underlying trend.

Subsequently, the world economy slowed down in 2001-03, which put the brakes on the Indian economy. Then came the crucial change, an acceleration to 8% in 2004-06. This cannot be ascribed to any fresh bout of ‘reforms’ or even to the global boom. There have been important structural changes in the economy. One is the rise in the savings rate from 23.5% in 2000-01 to 29.1 % in 2004-05. Most of this increase has come from the turnaround in public savings. Thanks to the rise in the savings rate, the economy has moved on to an altogether higher investment rate. The second structural change is enhanced export competitiveness, reflected in the rising share of exports. The total exports (trade plus invisible receipts) / GDP ratio has risen sharply from 16.9% in 2000-01 to 24.6% in 2005-06. A third, less noticed change in recent years is financial deepening. The bank assets / GDP ratio rose from 48% in 2000-01 to 80% in 2005-06 on the back of a surge in bank credit.

One factor is common to these three structural changes: lower interest rates. The decline in interest rates has helped fiscal consolidation, it has boosted firms’ competitiveness and it has led to a huge increase in retail credit. Lower interest rates have been made possible by the rise in inflows on both current and capital accounts. The rise in inflows, in turn, reflects growing overseas confidence in India’s economic potential – confidence created by two decades of economic growth of 6%. The sharp depreciation in the rupee in the nineties undoubtedly helped but it is worth recalling that a trend towards rupee depreciation was under way to the eighties itself.

Which of the following statements is INCORRECT according to the passage?

Gopal: My father insists that the only way to get a good rank in the JMET examination is to work much harder than what I do at present. However, Alok and Raju, my two college seniors whom he coached for JMET last year got good ranks with less effort than what I am putting in.

Gopal’s primary purpose for making his point is to

Gopal: My father insists that the only way to get a good rank in the JMET examination is to work much harder than what I do at present. However, Alok and Raju, my two college seniors whom he coached for JMET last year got good ranks with less effort than what I am putting in.

Which of the following statements would be the most effective rebuttal by Gopal’s father to his arguments?

If you get a JMET rank of better than 500, then you will get an admission in your preferred institute.

If the statement above is true, which of the following must also be true?

1 – If you do not get a JMET rank of better than 500, then you will not get an admission in your preferred institute.
2 – If you get an admission in your preferred institute, then you must have got a JMET rank of better than 500.
3 – If you did not get an admission in your preferred institute, then you did not get a JMET rank of better than 500.

The following information is given about a four sided polygon.

1 – The polygon is a rectangle.
2 – The area of the polygon is given to be .
3 – One side of the polygon is 8 m.
4 – All the adjacent sides are at right angle to each other.

Which of the above facts are sufficient to determine the dimensions of the polygon?

A pair of grouping of symbols is given below. Choose a pair of symbols that best expresses the relationship closest to the original pair.

LLI: UQR

Four people Ahmed, Burman, Chhaya, and Deepak in that order occupy the four corners of a square of side ‘a’ in clockwise order. Ahmed and Burman simultaneously start walking at the same speed towards Burman and Chhaya respectively. Both of them stop walking when Burman reaches Chhaya. What is the distance between Ahmed and Burman?

Ravi has scored over sixty percent marks in his High School Examination. This statement can be logically deduced from which of the following statements?

The questions are presented with three true statements: Fact 1, Fact 2, and Fact 3. Then, you are given three more statements (labeled 1, 2, and 3), and you must determine which of these, if any, is also a fact.

Fact 1: A project team consisting of males and females has four members.
Fact 2: Two of the members are proficient in mathematics and the other two are proficient in computer programming.
Fact 3: Half the members are female.

If the first three statements are facts, then which of the following statements must also be a fact?

1 – At least one female member is proficient in mathematics.
2 – Two of the members are male.
3 – The male members are proficient in computer programming.

The questions are presented with three true statements: Fact 1, Fact 2, and Fact 3. Then, you are given three more statements (labeled 1, 2, and 3), and you must determine which of these, if any, is also a fact.

Fact 1: Manoj said, “Anush and I both went to a movie last night.”
Fact 2: Anush said, “I was only studying last night.”
Fact 3: Manoj always tells the truth, but Anush sometimes lies.

If the first three statements are facts, then which of the following statements must also be a fact?

1 – Anush went to a movie last night.
2 – Manoj went to a movie last night.
3 – Anush was studying last night.

The questions are presented with three true statements: Fact 1, Fact 2, and Fact 3. Then, you are given three more statements (labeled 1, 2, and 3), and you must determine which of these, if any, is also a fact.

Fact 1: Chairs cost between Rs. 200 to Rs. 2,000.
Fact 2: Some chairs are made of aluminum.
Fact 3: Some chairs are made of plastic.

If the first three statements are facts, then which of the following statements must also be a fact?

1 – Aluminum chairs cost more than plastic chairs.
2 – Expensive chairs last longer than cheap chairs.
3 – Plastic chairs cost around Rs. 200 and aluminum chairs cost around Rs. 2000.

The questions are presented with three true statements: Fact 1, Fact 2, and Fact 3. Then, you are given three more statements (labeled 1, 2, and 3), and you must determine which of these, if any, is also a fact.

Fact 1: All metros have ring roads.
Fact 2: Delhi is a metro.
Fact 3: Delhi has a population of more than 5 million.

If the first three statements are facts, then which of the following statements must also be a fact?

1 – Delhi has a ring road.
2 – All metros have a population more than 5 million.
3 – All cities with a ring road tire metros.

There are six blocks of rooms along a straight corridor in a hotel with each block containing two rooms facing each other.

The following group of twelve people, Jitender, Lakshman, Mary, Narayan, Pankaj, William, Chandra, Ahmed, Balu, Ferosh, Esha, and Rajender has occupied some of these rooms. There are a maximum of two people in a room and some rooms may be empty.

. Lakshman and his roommate stay two blocks to the right of Ahmed and his roommate Chandra.
. Jitender stays alone, three blocks to the left of William and two blocks to the left of Esha.
. Mary stays one block to the left of Ahmed and Chandra.
. Narayan stays three blocks to the right of the block on which Balu and Ferosh have single rooms.
. Rajender and Pankaj stay in single rooms two blocks to the left of Mary.

Which of the following lists the persons in the correct order, going from the left most block to the right?

There are six blocks of rooms along a straight corridor in a hotel with each block containing two rooms facing each other.

The following group of twelve people, Jitender, Lakshman, Mary, Narayan, Pankaj, William, Chandra, Ahmed, Balu, Ferosh, Esha, and Rajender has occupied some of these rooms. There are a maximum of two people in a room and some rooms may be empty.

. Lakshman and his roommate stay two blocks to the right of Ahmed and his roommate Chandra.
. Jitender stays alone, three blocks to the left of William and two blocks to the left of Esha.
. Mary stays one block to the left of Ahmed and Chandra.
. Narayan stays three blocks to the right of the block on which Balu and Ferosh have single rooms.
. Rajender and Pankaj stay in single rooms two blocks to the left of Mary.

Which of the following pairs must stay on the same block?

1 – Narayan and Esha
2 – Jitender and Mary
3 – Ahmed and Lakshman

There are six blocks of rooms along a straight corridor in a hotel with each block containing two rooms facing each other.

The following group of twelve people, Jitender, Lakshman, Mary, Narayan, Pankaj, William, Chandra, Ahmed, Balu, Ferosh, Esha, and Rajender has occupied some of these rooms. There are a maximum of two people in a room and some rooms may be empty.

. Lakshman and his roommate stay two blocks to the right of Ahmed and his roommate Chandra.
. Jitender stays alone, three blocks to the left of William and two blocks to the left of Esha.
. Mary stays one block to the left of Ahmed and Chandra.
. Narayan stays three blocks to the right of the block on which Balu and Ferosh have single rooms.
. Rajender and Pankaj stay in single rooms two blocks to the left of Mary.

Lakshman’s roommate, assuming that he or she is one of the persons mentioned is

There are six blocks of rooms along a straight corridor in a hotel with each block containing two rooms facing each other.

The following group of twelve people, Jitender, Lakshman, Mary, Narayan, Pankaj, William, Chandra, Ahmed, Balu, Ferosh, Esha, and Rajender has occupied some of these rooms. There are a maximum of two people in a room and some rooms may be empty.

. Lakshman and his roommate stay two blocks to the right of Ahmed and his roommate Chandra.
. Jitender stays alone, three blocks to the left of William and two blocks to the left of Esha.
. Mary stays one block to the left of Ahmed and Chandra.
. Narayan stays three blocks to the right of the block on which Balu and Ferosh have single rooms.
. Rajender and Pankaj stay in single rooms two blocks to the left of Mary.

Rajender stays on the

There are six blocks of rooms along a straight corridor in a hotel with each block containing two rooms facing each other.

The following group of twelve people, Jitender, Lakshman, Mary, Narayan, Pankaj, William, Chandra, Ahmed, Balu, Ferosh, Esha, and Rajender has occupied some of these rooms. There are a maximum of two people in a room and some rooms may be empty.

. Lakshman and his roommate stay two blocks to the right of Ahmed and his roommate Chandra.
. Jitender stays alone, three blocks to the left of William and two blocks to the left of Esha.
. Mary stays one block to the left of Ahmed and Chandra.
. Narayan stays three blocks to the right of the block on which Balu and Ferosh have single rooms.
. Rajender and Pankaj stay in single rooms two blocks to the left of Mary.

An empty room or empty rooms may be found in the

There are six blocks of rooms along a straight corridor in a hotel with each block containing two rooms facing each other.

The following group of twelve people, Jitender, Lakshman, Mary, Narayan, Pankaj, William, Chandra, Ahmed, Balu, Ferosh, Esha, and Rajender has occupied some of these rooms. There are a maximum of two people in a room and some rooms may be empty.

. Lakshman and his roommate stay two blocks to the right of Ahmed and his roommate Chandra.
. Jitender stays alone, three blocks to the left of William and two blocks to the left of Esha.
. Mary stays one block to the left of Ahmed and Chandra.
. Narayan stays three blocks to the right of the block on which Balu and Ferosh have single rooms.
. Rajender and Pankaj stay in single rooms two blocks to the left of Mary.

Jitender arranges to move into a room two blocks to the left, whose occupant moves into a room one block to the right. In turn, the occupant of this room moves into a room three blocks to the right, whose occupant takes Jitender’s old room. The new occupant of Jitender’s old room is

The mushrooming of business schools in the country is a cause for shortage of faculty with Ph. D qualification. In addition, the higher pay and generous fringe benefits given by industry has encouraged qualified people to not seek academic positions. Which of the following statements, if true, would tend to STRENGTHEN the argument?

On the basis of the given two facts, determine which of the conclusions marked A, B, C, or D can be most logically drawn.

Fact 1: Some musicians play Tabla.
Fact 2: All the Tabla players need to be trained for at least 10 years.

On the basis of the given two facts, determine which of the conclusions marked A, B, C, or D can be most logically drawn.

Fact l: Cloudy days tend to be windier than sunny days.
Fact 2: Foggy days tend to be less windy than cloudy days.

On the basis of the given two facts, determine which of the conclusions marked A, B, C, or D can be most logically drawn.

Fact 1: At a parking lot, a car is parked to the right of a truck and to the left of a van.
Fact 2: A jeep is parked to the right of the truck.

Amit, Balvinder, Chetan, and Deepak are employed in a company, where they have to share among themselves the work load that consists of six tasks A, B, C, D, E, and F. The following statements identify their preferences for the different tasks.

. All those who like task B also like task E.
. All those who like task C also like task D.
. All those who like task E do not like task C, and vice-versa.
. Some of those who like task E also like task A.
. Some of those who like task D also like task E.
. All those who like task D also like task F.

Amit enjoys the task D. Which of the following must be true?

Amit, Balvinder, Chetan, and Deepak are employed in a company, where they have to share among themselves the work load that consists of six tasks A, B, C, D, E, and F. The following statements identify their preferences for the different tasks.

. All those who like task B also like task E.
. All those who like task C also like task D.
. All those who like task E do not like task C, and vice-versa.
. Some of those who like task E also like task A.
. Some of those who like task D also like task E.
. All those who like task D also like task F.

Balvinder likes the task B. He may also like any of the following tasks, except

Amit, Balvinder, Chetan, and Deepak are employed in a company, where they have to share among themselves the work load that consists of six tasks A, B, C, D, E, and F. The following statements identify their preferences for the different tasks.

. All those who like task B also like task E.
. All those who like task C also like task D.
. All those who like task E do not like task C, and vice-versa.
. Some of those who like task E also like task A.
. Some of those who like task D also like task E.
. All those who like task D also like task F.

Chetan likes the task C. Which of the following must be false?

Amit, Balvinder, Chetan, and Deepak are employed in a company, where they have to share among themselves the work load that consists of six tasks A, B, C, D, E, and F. The following statements identify their preferences for the different tasks.

. All those who like task B also like task E.
. All those who like task C also like task D.
. All those who like task E do not like task C, and vice-versa.
. Some of those who like task E also like task A.
. Some of those who like task D also like task E.
. All those who like task D also like task F.

Based on the information provided, which of the following statements must be true?

Charu is a person of regular habits. One day Charu saw that her clock had stopped working. She changed the battery and set it to some arbitrary time. Immediately after that, she walked to her friend Paru’s house. On entering Paru’s house, she glanced at the clock that showed the correct time. Charu also noticed the time when she left Paru’s place. As usual, she walked back to her house and reset her clock. If the time set by Charu is correct, which of the following assumptions have to be made?

Students rank the business schools based on the following factors: Average salary of a fresh graduate, student to faculty ratio, terminal degree of faculty members, and institutional facilities. In their final ranking school A is ranked higher than school B. Which of the following will ensure that school A is ranked higher than school B?

The sentences given below when properly sequenced form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is numbered. Select the most logical order of the sentences in each case.

1 Liberalization of the aviation sector has led to the arrival of many private carriers in the domestic market.
2 The railways have introduced some very ingenious schemes to retain their customers.
3 The lower airfares have cannibalized the first class travelers in the railways due to the parity in fares and the reduction of travel times.
4 This situation of having choices in the mode of transportation is of delight to the customers.

The sentences given below when properly sequenced form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is numbered. Select the most logical order of the sentences in each case.

1 The ongoing war in Iraq is perceived by many as a serious threat to world peace.
2 The real benefit of the war is yet to be realized, but the losers have been the people of Iraq.
3 The supporters of the war point out that human rights violation is serious enough to have warranted the war in Iraq, in spite of the increased risk to world peace.
4 Both who support and oppose the war have valid points to bolster their arguments.

The sentences given below when properly sequenced form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is numbered. Select the most logical order of the sentences in each case.

1 The history of civilization had to be rewritten in the 19th and the 20th century after it was established that these paintings were produced by stone age dwellers.
2 The owner of the animal rescued it, but in the process discovered those caves.
3 Discovered in 1865, the cave paintings popularly referred to as the ‘Sistine chapel’ of the stone age are estimated to have been created around 12000 B.C. 4 The discovery of the stone age paintings was made possible when a hunting dog got trapped in the cave.

The sentences given below when properly sequenced form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is numbered. Select the most logical order of the sentences in each case.

1 Aggressive play may not be instigated in captivity because the development of hunting skills is irrelevant in captivity.
2 However, tiger cubs born in captivity never engage in aggressive play.
3 The cubs’ parents generally instigate the aggressive play between the cubs.
4 Young tiger cubs in the wild are often found to engage in aggressive play with their siblings.

The sentences given below when properly sequenced form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is numbered. Select the most logical order of the sentences in each case.

1 If a new list of the world’s wonders was necessary, it should have been compiled by UNESCO, and not by any private organization.
2 The electronic media had relentlessly campaigned for the cause of Taj Mahal, motivating all the Indians to vote for the monument so that it would be included in the new list of the Seven Wonders of the World.
3 The Taj does not require any campaign to prove its timeless beauty.
4 It was a totally unnecessary campaign.

The sentences given below when properly sequenced form a coherent paragraph. Each sentence is numbered. Select the most logical order of the sentences in each case.

1 It is more than a budgetary move for the Nepal’s interim government to strip the royal family of its annual allowance.
2 To make the monarchy irrelevant is the next logical step forward for the government.
3 Monarchs’ do not draw all their powers from their purses; though they do not like being deprived of the funds.
4 To carry the palace’s expenses is a big burden for a small country.

Sanjay: I just heard that Sachin got out for zero (0) runs in the first innings of the second test against Bangladesh.
Rajeev: That can’t be true. He had scored two centuries in the last two innings that he had played.

From the conversation above it can be inferred that

You have five balls that look alike. Four of them have the same weight and are lighter than the fifth ball. What is the minimum number of times you need to weigh to identify the heavier ball with certainty?

He must be an IIT student; he is wearing a shirt with the IIT logo on it. This conclusion is valid only if it is true that

Based on the following passage answer the questions below.

It is important for companies to motivate their employees to stay fit. Therefore, employees are provided with gymnasium facilities.

Which of the following, if true, most strengthens the above argument?

Based on the following passage answer the questions below.

It is important for companies to motivate their employees to stay fit. Therefore, employees are provided with gymnasium facilities.

Which of the following, if true, most weakens the above argument?

Five people witnessed a thief leaving a house that was locked. Each gave the following description of the thief in the court.

Witness 1: He was short, thin, and old.
Witness 2: He was tall, thin, and young.
Witness 3: He was short, stout, and young.
Witness 4: He was tall, stout, and old.
Witness 5: He was tall, stout, and young.

Which of the following descriptions of the thief is probably correct?

In recommending a salary cut of five percent to the board of directors, the CEO of a company said: “There were no worker demonstrations over the previous salary cuts of three percent last year and two percent the year before.” If the CEO’s statement is accurate, which of the following can be validly deduced from the information given?

1 – Most workers in the previous year’s felt that the salary cuts were justified because of increased operating costs.
2 – Workers apathy was responsible for the failure of the workers to protest the previous salary cuts.
3 – Workers are not likely to demonstrate over the new salary cuts.

STATIONERY MANUFACTURING PROBLEM

A stationary manufacturer produces two pen varieties, standard (S) and premium (P).

These are packed and sold respectively at Rs. 10 and Rs. 25. Two machines, M1 and M2, are available to produce both varieties. M1 can produce 30 and 50 pens (including refills) per minute of S and P respectively. M2 can produce 40 and 60 per minute of S and P respectively. The manufacturer runs two shifts of 8 hours each.

The above partial information can then be formulated mathematically as

STATIONERY MANUFACTURING PROBLEM

A stationary manufacturer produces two pen varieties, standard (S) and premium (P). These are packed and sold respectively at Rs. 10 and Rs. 25. Two machines, M1 and M2, are available to produce both varieties. M1 can produce 30 and 50 pens (including refills) per minute of S and P respectively. M2 can produce 40 and 60 per minute of S and P respectively. The manufacturer runs two shifts of 8 hours each.

The manufacturer also ensures that at any time at least 80 more and 50 more refills® are produced for S and P, respectively. The same refill is used for S and P. This constraint can be specified as

Answer th following question relating to the CAMPUS PLACEMENT description given below :

Three companies, Muck-In-Sea (MIS), Cold Man’s Axe (CMA), and Bark Laze Bank (BLB) are scheduled, in that order, to interview 8 young MBA wizards at Hogwarts for offering Career placements on Day minus . Each company can select at most 3 students. Once a student receives an offer from a company, that student is not allowed to appear in any more interviews.

How many possible combinations of student selections are there for MIS?

Answer th following question relating to the CAMPUS PLACEMENT description given below :

Three companies, Muck-In-Sea (MIS), Cold Man’s Axe (CMA), and Bark Laze Bank (BLB) are scheduled, in that order, to interview 8 young MBA wizards at Hogwarts for offering Career placements on Day minus . Each company can select at most 3 students. Once a student receives an offer from a company, that student is not allowed to appear in any more interviews.

What is the probability that CMA also does not select any student if MIS does not select any student?

Answer th following question relating to the CAMPUS PLACEMENT description given below :

Three companies, Muck-In-Sea (MIS), Cold Man’s Axe (CMA), and Bark Laze Bank (BLB) are scheduled, in that order, to interview 8 young MBA wizards at Hogwarts for offering Career placements on Day minus . Each company can select at most 3 students. Once a student receives an offer from a company, that student is not allowed to appear in any more interviews.

Considering all the options (0, 1, 2 or 3 students) exercised by MIS and CMA, how many options does BLB have to make its selection?

PROJECT INVESTMENT DECISIONS

A project requires an initial capital investment of Rs. 2 lakhs which yields a onetime benefit at the end of the second year.

If the cost of capital is , what should be the minimum yield that would justify an investment in this project?

PROJECT INVESTMENT DECISIONS

A project requires an initial capital investment of Rs. 2 lakhs which yields a onetime benefit at the end of the second year.

Suppose the investment of Rs. 2 lakhs in the above project can be made in two equal instalments of Rs. 1 lakh in the beginning of the project and the other Rs. 1 Lakh at the beginning of the second year. From the beginning of the third year, the project will generate revenues of Rs. 1.5 lakhs every year. Using the same cost of capital of , what should be the minimum life of the project inclusive of the project implementation phase? (Use the ‘beginning of the year’ convention)

The change in sales volume S of a new mobile phone following an advertisement campaign is given by (dS/dt) = 0.04(700 – S). At time t = 0, S = 0. Then S expressed as a function of t would be

The buying cost of a machine is Rs. 16,000. It has an estimated life of 5 years. Using the double-declining balance method of depreciation, what will its Book Value be at the end of the second year?

DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL PROBLEM

There are two markets for selling a product, and two channels for the distribution of the product to these markets. The cost of distribution per unit of the product through Channel 1 and Channel 2 are f1 and f2 respectively. The total cost incurred by the seller for Market 1 and Market 2 are F1 and F2 respectively. Let q1 and q2 be the quantities of product distributed to Market 1 and Market 2 through Channel 1. Let q3 and q4 be the quantities of product distributed to Market l and Market 2 through Channel 2.

Which of the following linear equations in matrix form correctly represent this problem?

DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL PROBLEM

There are two markets for selling a product, and two channels for the distribution of the product to these markets. The cost of distribution per unit of the product through Channel 1 and Channel 2 are f1 and f2 respectively. The total cost incurred by the seller for Market 1 and Market 2 are F1 and F2 respectively. Let q1 and q2 be the quantities of product distributed to Market 1 and Market 2 through Channel 1. Let q3 and q4 be the quantities of product distributed to Market l and Market 2 through Channel 2.

Given = 2, = 4, = 4, = 8, = 10 and = 20. Which of the following is true?

COMPANY REVENUE MODELING PROBLEM

A company’s analytics team has modelled its Total Revenue (TR) as , where W is its wage payments and A is its advertising expenditure.

The approximate change in TR, if wages are increased by will be

COMPANY REVENUE MODELING PROBLEM

A company’s analytics team has modelled its Total Revenue (TR) as , where W is its wage payments and A is its advertising expenditure.

In addition to the said wage increase, if A is decreased by then net change in TR will be

The return levels and associated probabilities of two securities are given below:

What are their respective expected values and variances of returns?

Question is related to the data pertaining to TOURIST ARRIVALS IN KERALA given below:

The following table shows the tourist arrivals in Kerala, in three different years. Assume that fluctuations in the data are random.

Which of the following functions of time t will best fit the given data?

	and
	-
	d and m > 0
	k and n > 0

Question is related to the data pertaining to TOURIST ARRIVALS IN KERALA given below:

The following table shows the tourist arrivals in Kerala, in three different years. Assume that fluctuations in the data are random.

Assuming that no unusual event (bird flu, chickungunya, terrorist attacks, etc.) will occur over the next eight years, and that normal conditions for tourist exist, which one of the above four models would you choose for forecasting tourist arrivals two periods ahead?

Question is related to the BPO HR FLOWS problem described below:

Three BPOs, X, Y and Z have 500, 650 and 800 permanent employees respectively on 1st January 2006. The table below provides data on the average number of employees who quit one BPO and join another in a month.

The second table below provides data on the retirements and retrenchments from X, Y und Z (these people are not re-employed in any of these three companies), and the additional fresh recruitments made by the three BPOs per month.

All the joining or leaving events happen at the end of each month.

What will be the employee strengths of the three companies on 31st December 2006?

Question is related to the BPO HR FLOWS problem described below:

Three BPOs, X, Y and Z have 500, 650 and 800 permanent employees respectively on 1st January 2006. The table below provides data on the average number of employees who quit one BPO and join another in a month.

The second table below provides data on the retirements and retrenchments from X, Y und Z (these people are not re-employed in any of these three companies), and the additional fresh recruitments made by the three BPOs per month.

All the joining or leaving events happen at the end of each month.

In which month will, the sum of the absolute value of differences in employee strengths between X and Y, and Y and Z be least?

A worker working under a bonus scheme saves 10 hours in a job for which the standard time is 60 hours. A bonus of of the hourly rate is payable when he reaches efficiency. An additional bonus of of the hourly rate for each in excess of efficiency is given. If the normal wage rate is Rs. 2 per hour, find the wages payable to the worker.

Question is related to the locations of WAREHOUSE AND SUPERMARKETS given below:

A retail major has a warehouse (W) located at (16, 10) in a town having roads laid on a square grid parallel to the x and y axes. There are five retail supermarkets (M, N, O, P and Q) located respectively at (4, 4), (6, 16), (16, 24), (20, 16) and (26, 4).

What is the ordering of the supermarkets from the nearest to the farthest from the warehouse?

Question is related to the locations of WAREHOUSE AND SUPERMARKETS given below:

A retail major has a warehouse (W) located at (16, 10) in a town having roads laid on a square grid parallel to the x and y axes. There are five retail supermarkets (M, N, O, P and Q) located respectively at (4, 4), (6, 16), (16, 24), (20, 16) and (26, 4).

Suppose each square block in the grid has sides of length 2 km. The minimum length of a round trip starting from M and moving through N, O, P, Q and returning to M will be

Question is related to the locations of WAREHOUSE AND SUPERMARKETS given below:

A retail major has a warehouse (W) located at (16, 10) in a town having roads laid on a square grid parallel to the x and y axes. There are five retail supermarkets (M, N, O, P and Q) located respectively at (4, 4), (6, 16), (16, 24), (20, 16) and (26, 4).

Five trucks are used, one each to travel from the warehouse to the supermarkets M, N, O, P and Q. Suppose their average speeds are respectively 54, 50, 42, 25 and 40 km/hr. Assume that the trucks are identical and their drivers have identical driving skills and styles. If five trucks start simultaneously from the warehouse, which truck will reach its destination the earliest?

Read the BISCUIT PACKING problem below and answer Questions below :

A biscuit company makes cream biscuits that have 5 cm diameter and 0.5 cm thickness. It markets these biscuits in cylindrical packets of 5, 10, and 20 pieces each. The gaps between biscuits as well as between the packing and the biscuits are negligible. The ends of each packet are sealed with cardboard caps that have the company’s logo printed on them. In your calculations, use = 22/7.

The total surface areas of the above three types of packets will have the following proportion:

Read the BISCUIT PACKING problem below and answer Questions below :

A biscuit company makes cream biscuits that have 5 cm diameter and 0.5 cm thickness. It markets these biscuits in cylindrical packets of 5, 10, and 20 pieces each. The gaps between biscuits as well as between the packing and the biscuits are negligible. The ends of each packet are sealed with cardboard caps that have the company’s logo printed on them. In your calculations, use = 22/7.

The Company buys printed packing sheets made of paper each having 100 × 66 area. At full capacity, the company makes 3.5 lakhs biscuits per day. If it makes 10,000 packets each of the 5’s, 10’s and 20’s, what is the minimum number of packing sheets required daily?

Read the BISCUIT PACKING problem below and answer Questions below :

A biscuit company makes cream biscuits that have 5 cm diameter and 0.5 cm thickness. It markets these biscuits in cylindrical packets of 5, 10, and 20 pieces each. The gaps between biscuits as well as between the packing and the biscuits are negligible. The ends of each packet are sealed with cardboard caps that have the company’s logo printed on them. In your calculations, use = 22/7.

The cost of each biscuit is Rs. 0.40, each packing sheet is Rs. 168, and that of each end-cap is Rs. 0.50. All other costs work out to Rs. 1 per packet, irrespective of the size of the packet. The maximum retail price of the 5’s, 10’s and 20’s Packets are Rs. 8, 14, and 23 respectively. The profits per packet P5, P10 and P20, made by the company on the 5’s, 10’s and 20’s packets respectively will be in the proportion:

Read the BISCUIT PACKING problem below and answer Questions below :

A biscuit company makes cream biscuits that have 5 cm diameter and 0.5 cm thickness. It markets these biscuits in cylindrical packets of 5, 10, and 20 pieces each. The gaps between biscuits as well as between the packing and the biscuits are negligible. The ends of each packet are sealed with cardboard caps that have the company’s logo printed on them. In your calculations, use = 22/7.

Based on a study of its sales over the last three years, the company decides to produce only 5000 packets of 20’s. The production capacity thus made available is used to produce additional 5’s and 10’s packets to meet the market demand. Let x1 and x2 respectively represent the additional numbers of 5’s packets (in thousands), and 10’s packets (in thousands). For every thousand of the additional 5’s packets, the company has 15 distributors, and for every thousand of the additional 10’s packets, it has 5 distributors. The company can utilize the services of a maximum of 75 distributors for these additional packets. Then the product-mix problem for producing the additional packets of 5’s and 10’s (in thousands) can be modelled using a Linear Programming Formulation. Which of the following statements about this model is incorrect?

Read the BISCUIT PACKING problem below and answer Questions below :

A biscuit company makes cream biscuits that have 5 cm diameter and 0.5 cm thickness. It markets these biscuits in cylindrical packets of 5, 10, and 20 pieces each. The gaps between biscuits as well as between the packing and the biscuits are negligible. The ends of each packet are sealed with cardboard caps that have the company’s logo printed on them. In your calculations, use = 22/7.

How many additional thousand packets of 5’s and 10’s should the company produce to maximize its profits?

Read the BISCUIT PACKING problem below and answer Questions below :

A biscuit company makes cream biscuits that have 5 cm diameter and 0.5 cm thickness. It markets these biscuits in cylindrical packets of 5, 10, and 20 pieces each. The gaps between biscuits as well as between the packing and the biscuits are negligible. The ends of each packet are sealed with cardboard caps that have the company’s logo printed on them. In your calculations, use = 22/7.

The 5’s, 10’s and 20’s biscuit packets are produced in lot sizes of 100 each. Three packets each of 5’s, 10’s and 20’s are inspected at random. If even one biscuit is found broken in any of the three, the respective lot is rejected, the probability that 1 broken biscuit will be found in a 5’s, 10’s or 20’s packet is estimated to be 0.10, 0.20 and 0.30 respectively. If a sample of three packets each of 5’s, 10’s and 20’s is inspected, which probability distribution should we use to estimate the probability that all nine packets will be accepted?

Read the BISCUIT PACKING problem below and answer Questions below :

A biscuit company makes cream biscuits that have 5 cm diameter and 0.5 cm thickness. It markets these biscuits in cylindrical packets of 5, 10, and 20 pieces each. The gaps between biscuits as well as between the packing and the biscuits are negligible. The ends of each packet are sealed with cardboard caps that have the company’s logo printed on them. In your calculations, use = 22/7.

What is the probability that all nine packets will be accepted?

Questions are related to the AIRCRAFT PURCHASE problem given below:

India’s national airline ‘INDIAN’ is considering purchase of new aircraft to meet an estimated demand of 4600 seats. The table below presents the relevant data.

It has planned to buy three B777’s and five A321’s for every B747.

How many of each aircraft should the company purchase?

Questions are related to the AIRCRAFT PURCHASE problem given below:

India’s national airline ‘INDIAN’ is considering purchase of new aircraft to meet an estimated demand of 4600 seats. The table below presents the relevant data.

It has planned to buy three B777’s and five A321’s for every B747.

However, INDIAN’s budget is limited to $2000 million for this purchase. Given this constraint, it is willing to be flexible on the proportion of aircraft types to be purchased. How many aircraft should it purchase such that both budget utilization and meeting the estimated seat demand are simultaneously maximized?

Questions are related to the AIRCRAFT PURCHASE problem given below:

India’s national airline ‘INDIAN’ is considering purchase of new aircraft to meet an estimated demand of 4600 seats. The table below presents the relevant data.

It has planned to buy three B777’s and five A321’s for every B747.

How many different alternatives for aircraft purchase are possible for full use of the budget?

Questions are related to the AIRCRAFT PURCHASE problem given below:

India’s national airline ‘INDIAN’ is considering purchase of new aircraft to meet an estimated demand of 4600 seats. The table below presents the relevant data.

It has planned to buy three B777’s and five A321’s for every B747.

If a deviation of at most $50 million below the budget is permitted, how many additional alternatives for aircraft purchase are possible?

Questions are based on HOSPITAL SERVICES SURVEY given below:

You have conducted a survey among patients in a large hospital and developed a ‘Dissatisfaction Index’ (DI) for:

(a) Patients who are waiting for consultation with doctors, , and
(b) Patients who are in consultation with the doctors,

Consider that there are only two patients in the system. At time t = 0, one goes in for consultation, and the other begins waiting. Using the survey data, you have developed the following two mathematical models for representing the dissatisfaction among the two patients as a function of time ‘t’:

What is the optimal time ‘t’ (in minutes) that a doctor should spend offering consultation to the patient such that the total dissatisfaction of the two patients is minimized? The two indices are additive.

Questions are based on HOSPITAL SERVICES SURVEY given below:

You have conducted a survey among patients in a large hospital and developed a ‘Dissatisfaction Index’ (DI) for:

(a) Patients who are waiting for consultation with doctors, , and
(b) Patients who are in consultation with the doctors,

Consider that there are only two patients in the system. At time t = 0, one goes in for consultation, and the other begins waiting. Using the survey data, you have developed the following two mathematical models for representing the dissatisfaction among the two patients as a function of time ‘t’:

What is the value of the total dissatisfaction index at this point?

Questions are based on HOSPITAL SERVICES SURVEY given below:

You have conducted a survey among patients in a large hospital and developed a ‘Dissatisfaction Index’ (DI) for:

(a) Patients who are waiting for consultation with doctors, , and
(b) Patients who are in consultation with the doctors,

Consider that there are only two patients in the system. At time t = 0, one goes in for consultation, and the other begins waiting. Using the survey data, you have developed the following two mathematical models for representing the dissatisfaction among the two patients as a function of time ‘t’:

Given the following functions of time t, for any value of the parameters a and b, rank them in the ascending order of function values as

1.
2.
3.
4.

Questions are related to the EXCHANGE RATES problem given below:

The official ‘Buy’ and ‘Sell’ exchange rates for the US $, UK £, and EU f. with reference to the Indian INR are presented in the table below:

Your local bank agrees to sell $ 0.023 or £ 0.012 or € 0.015 for INR 1.

You wish to buy foreign currency with INR 1 lakh. Based on the values of each foreign currency you will receive from the bank, arrange them in the descending order? (Please note: 1/42 = 0.023; 1/79 = 0.012; 1/62 = 0.015)

Questions are related to the EXCHANGE RATES problem given below:

The official ‘Buy’ and ‘Sell’ exchange rates for the US $, UK £, and EU f. with reference to the Indian INR are presented in the table below:

Your local bank agrees to sell $ 0.023 or £ 0.012 or € 0.015 for INR 1.

When you buy foreign currency from your local bank, it will levy a transaction fee equivalent of INR 500 and an additional INR 500 to deliver the exchanged money to the branch of your choice. This total amount of INR 1000 will be deducted from the foreign currency payable to you. At the airport, the money changer is willing to offer $ 0.022 for INR 1. What in the range of values of INR that can be exchanged for buying the $ which will get you a better deal at the airport than the bank?

Questions are related to the EXCHANGE RATES problem given below:

The official ‘Buy’ and ‘Sell’ exchange rates for the US $, UK £, and EU f. with reference to the Indian INR are presented in the table below:

Your local bank agrees to sell $ 0.023 or £ 0.012 or € 0.015 for INR 1.

The to ‘Buy’ rate is Using the INR as the reference currency, determine by what percentage this ‘Buy’ rate should change such that there is no arbitrage (or, differences among the three pair wise exchange rates) across the three currencies?

Questions are based on the information given below :

A company manufacturing and selling vacuum cleaners started operations with cash in hand of Rs. 5 million at the beginning of 2002-03. The table below gives the production, sales price and costs of the company over the next five years.

At the end of which year was the quantity of cumulative unsold stock the largest?

Questions are based on the information given below :

A company manufacturing and selling vacuum cleaners started operations with cash in hand of Rs. 5 million at the beginning of 2002-03. The table below gives the production, sales price and costs of the company over the next five years.

The percentage increase in cumulative cash in hand over the preceding year was the highest in

Questions are based on the information given below :

A company manufacturing and selling vacuum cleaners started operations with cash in hand of Rs. 5 million at the beginning of 2002-03. The table below gives the production, sales price and costs of the company over the next five years.

The increase in the difference between income and costs in a year over the preceding year was the largest in

Questions are based on the information given below :

A company manufacturing and selling vacuum cleaners started operations with cash in hand of Rs. 5 million at the beginning of 2002-03. The table below gives the production, sales price and costs of the company over the next five years.

Assuming all cash transactions, the cumulative cash in hand with the company (in million Rs.) at the end of 2006-07 is

Questions are based on the information given below :

A company manufacturing and selling vacuum cleaners started operations with cash in hand of Rs. 5 million at the beginning of 2002-03. The table below gives the production, sales price and costs of the company over the next five years.

If the company was able to sell all the units that it produced during a year in the same year, the cash in hand (in million Rs.) at the end of 2006-07 would be